Kolegij
Studiji
Medical Studies in EnglishStudijska godina
1ISVU ID
176893ECTS
8
Course Objectives:
Acquire knowledge of chemical compounds, both inorganic and organic, that make up living cells or are used to synthesise them, chemical processes involved in their transformations, electrochemical processes, chemical kinetics, and thermochemistry. Acquire the ability to apply this knowledge to biological systems, which is important for understanding human metabolism under both physiological and pathological conditions.
Development of general and specific competencies (knowledge and skills):
Development of an awareness of the similarity and inseparability of chemical reactions in living and nonliving matter, the relationship between structure and reactivity, chemical and energetic transitions, the laws of thermodynamics. Development of the ability to use the acquired knowledge for the understanding of biochemical reactions in human organisms. Expanding knowledge of the relationships between the structure and physical/chemical properties of matter using simple molecules and their application to biomolecules. Solving numerical and logical problems in the field of Medical Chemistry and biochemistry. Development of skills necessary for experimental work, mastery of basic laboratory techniques and methods (chromatography, optical methods, pH measurement). Encouraging students to apply information technology and use the scientific literature. Building a sense of teamwork and developing the ability to think creatively and critically necessary to draw conclusions based on data obtained through analysis. Developing methods and skills necessary for presenting the results obtained.
Course correlativity and correspondence:
The content of the course Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry I correlates with and is complementary to the following courses: Medical Physics and Biophysics, Biochemistry II.
Approaches to teaching and learning:
Lectures, seminars, numerical and laboratory practicals.
B. Blagović and M. Tota (Eds.): Handbook for Seminars and Laboratory Practicals in Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, 2019;
R.H. Petrucci, F.G. Herring, J.D. Madura, C. Bissonnette: General Chemistry - Principles and Modern Applications, 10th edition, Pearson Canada Inc., Toronto, Ontario, 2011; McMurry, J.: Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition, Cengage Learning, 2017;
McMurry, J.: Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition, Cengage Learning, 2017;
Murray R.K., Bender D.A., Botham K.M., Kennelly P.J., Rodwell V.W., and Weil P.A. (Eds): Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 30th Edition,The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2015
Reed, D.: Chemistry for Biologists, Pearson Education Ltd., Harlow, UK, 2013;
McMurry, J., Ballantine, D.S., Hoeger, C.A. and Peterson, V.E.: Fundamentals of General, Organic and Biological Chemistry, 7th Edition, Pearson Education Inc., USA, 2013.
Mahaffy, P., Tasker, R., Bucat, B., Kotz, J.C., Weaver, G.C. and Treichel, P.M.: Chemistry – Human activity, Chemical Reactivity, Nelson Education, USA, 2015.
All course announcements and class materials will be made available through the Merlin e-learning system. Classes are organized according to the schedule published in the Merlin e-learning system. Attendance at lectures, seminars, numerical and laboratory practicals and midterm exams is mandatory and is recorded separately for each of these forms and for each student. Classes will begin on time according to the established schedule, and tardiness will be counted as an absence. Entering and leaving the class during the lesson will not be allowed.
A student may be excused for up to 30% of the hours scheduled separately for practicals, seminars, and lectures solely for health reasons that must be excused by a doctor's note (including absences for midterm exams). In case of unexcused absence of more than 30 % of the hours of a specific form of instruction (11 hours of lecture, 13 hours of seminar, 10 hours of practicals), the student cannot continue the course and loses the possibility to take the final examination (0 ECTS points, grade F).
It is mandatory that absences from laboratory practicals be compensated by an oral colloquium.
Students may earn a total of 100 credits: a maximum of 70 credits during the semester (three midterm written exams and laboratory practicals) and a maximum of 30 credits on the final exam. Students who have earned at least 35 credits during the semester will be admitted to the final exam. On all written and oral exams, the student must answer at least 50% of the answers correctly. Students who do not score at least 50% on the midterm exams may retake the midterm exams once, during the time of the final exam. Students who are not satisfied with the credits earned may also retake their midterm exams, but only the credits from the repeated midterm exams will be considered.
SPECIFIC PROVISIONS FOR ONLINE TEACHING: In accordance with the University of Rijeka's current "Recommendations for Appropriate Conduct in Virtual Systems for the Delivery of Online Instruction and Other Forms of Work in a Virtual Environment" (3.3.2021), certain forms of instruction will be delivered in an online environment in real time according to the published schedule. Lectures, seminars, and practicals will be held on MS Teams, and students should have their camera on for the entire duration of class and a microphone available when interacting. Repeated inability to turn on the camera and/or microphone will be counted as an absence.
The evaluation of students is carried out in accordance with the valid study regulations of the University of Rijeka and the Regulation on the Evaluation of Students at the Faculty of Medicine in Rijeka (adopted by the Faculty Council of the Faculty of Medicine in Rijeka). Evaluation of students’ progress during classes, midterms and the final exam is shown in the table:
|
| CREDITS |
Midterm exams | I General and inorganic chemistry | 16 (x score) |
II Stoichiometry | 10 (x score) | |
III Organic chemistry and biochemistry I | 26 (x score) | |
Total | 52 | |
Class activity | Total | 4 |
Laboratory practicals | Practicals and reports | 14 |
TOTAL |
| 70 |
Final exam | Written exam | 15 (x score) |
Oral exam | 15 | |
Total | 30 | |
TOTAL |
| 100 |
Midterm exams:
There are three midterm exams during the semester. The first covers the content of bioinorganic, general, and physical chemistry, the second covers stoichiometry, and the third covers organic chemistry and biochemistry (theory, nomenclature, and structural formulas).
Class activity:
There are several ways to earn credits in this category, (but only) during the semester. There are several small tests that cover a specific part of the materia. In consultation with the course coordinator, students may also complete a small research paper on a specific topic. Activity and engagement in class as well as special preparation for class are also be rewarded.
Students may receive 0.5-1 credit per activity.
Laboratory practicals:
Students may earn a maximum of 14 credits through 7 laboratory practicals. Each completed lab earns 2 credits: 1 for lab work successfully completed and 1 for a completed written report after each practical. Grades for lab work will be based on the written entrance test (5 short questions; students with 2 or fewer correct answers will not be allowed to attend the practical), activity during the work, and laboratory skills. A report must be written for each exercise and submitted by the due date. Any errors must be corrected on resubmission, which will be done with a subsequent report. Only one correction is allowed, and the report is graded thereafter. Grading is based primarily on the quality of the original report (accuracy and neatness), but if corrections are not made appropriately or within a specified time, the report will be graded 0. If more than 30% of the lab work or 30% of the reports are graded 0, or if the total sum of all lab grades is less than 7 (i.e. 50% of the total lab grades), the student will not be allowed to take the final exam. Absence (for any reason) from a laboratory practical must be compensated by an oral colloquium within one week of the practical; a successful colloquium earns a total of 0.5 credits. Repetition of the colloquium is not permitted.
Final exam: The final examination consists of a written exam (15 credits) and an oral exam (15 credits). Students must pass both parts of the final exam. If students pass the written part of the final exam but not the oral part, they must repeat the written part in the next term of the final exam. There is therefore no transfer of points from the written part to the next exam.
Assessment of the oral part of the final exam:
7.5 – 8 credits: minimum criteria satisfied
9 – 11 credits: average criteria satisfied with noticeable errors
12 – 13 credits: answer with a few errors
14 – 15 credits: outstanding answer.
The ECTS grading system is defined by the following criteria:
A (5, excellent) 90-100 credits
B (4, very good) 75-89.99 credits
C (3, good) 60-74.99 credits
D (2, sufficient) 50-59.99 credits
F (1, insufficient, fail) less than 50 credits
A student who gains less than 35 credits during the pre-exam period, has failed the course.
Communication with professors and assistants: Contact with professors and assistants can be made directly during/after classes, through consultations, by e-mail or via the Merlin platform (Forum or Chat ).
Consultations are held in agreement with professors and assistants at the scheduled time. e-mails:
Course coordinator: Assoc. Prof. Gordana Čanadi Jurešić, gordanacj@medri.uniri.hr
Collaborators:
Prof. Srećko Valić, svalic@medri.uniri.hr
Assoc. prof. Marin Tota, marin.tota@medri.uniri.hr
Assoc. prof. Lara Batičić, lara.baticic@medri.uniri.hr
Assoc. prof. Mirna Petković Didović, mirnapd@medri.uniri.hr
Assist. prof. Jelena Marinić, Jelena.marinic@medri.uniri.hr
Assoc. prof. Damir Klepac, damir.klepac@medri.uniri.hr
Iva Vukelić, PhD, iva.vukelic@medri.uniri.hr
Midterm and final exam results, notifications, and all other course information will be posted regularly on the Merlin platform.
Ishodi učenja
Provide the basic facts about the quantity, distribution and the role of water in the body. Explain the structure and properties of water. Explain the dissolution of gasses and solid compounds in water.
Ishodi učenja
Distinguish electrolytes and nonelectrolytes. Explain the properties of solutions of acids, bases, ampholytes and salts
Ishodi učenja
Define the principle of colligative properties. Explain vapour-pressure lowering, freezing point depression and boiling point elevation.
Ishodi učenja
Explain osmosis and dialysis. Define osmotic pressure. Explain colloids. Name and describe the types and properties of colloids. Explain the difference between the sol and gel state of colloids. Explain the principle of Donnan equilibrium. Describe electrophoresis
Ishodi učenja
Describe the role of chelation in biological systems. Explain the effect of chelators and their use in medicine. Explain the principles of the complexometric method. Relate the structure and properties of apatite minerals (hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite).
Ishodi učenja
Define the basic principles of chemical kinetics. Define the rate of reaction and reaction order
Ishodi učenja
Explain how various factors affect the rate of reaction. Describe the mechanism of action of catalysts. Explain the difference between chemical and biochemical catalysts.
Ishodi učenja
Describe the law of mass action and the equilibrium constant. Define Le Chatelier's principle. Explain the impact of external factors on equilibrium
Ishodi učenja
Define the equilibrium of homogeneous and heterogeneous systems and electrolyte solutions. Define Ostwald’s dilution law. Define the solubility product. Describe calcified tissues and the formation of concrements. Distinguish dynamic equilibrium and consistent flow and its importance in biological systems
Ishodi učenja
Write the equilibrium constant of the chemical reaction. Write and explain hydrolysis constant. Explain the mechanism of buffer action. Write and explain Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
Ishodi učenja
Define the basic concepts of thermodynamics and basic thermodynamic quantities. Apply the first law of thermodynamics to biochemical systems.
Ishodi učenja
Explain the effect of ΔG, ΔH, ΔS values on the spontaneity of reaction. Relate Gibbs’ energy with the equilibrium constant
Ishodi učenja
Explain the structure of the galvanic cell. Explain the meaning of standard reduction potential
Ishodi učenja
Write down and explain the Nernst equation. Name biologically important oxidation-reduction systems. Define the standard redox potential of biological systems. Explain Gibbs’ energy of redox-systems.
Ishodi učenja
Classify organic compounds according to functional groups and explain their chemical properties. Define the types of reactions of organic compounds. Explain the concept of nucleophile and electrophile
Ishodi učenja
Define isomerism. Explain the types of isomerism (structural, positional, stereoisomerism, geometrical isomerism and conformational isomerism)
Ishodi učenja
Explain the chemical properties of these classes of compounds and their reactivity. Explain the reactions of oxygen compounds.
Ishodi učenja
Explain the significance of this group of compounds, their chemical properties and their reactivity.
Ishodi učenja
Name and explain the structure of biologically most important monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.
Ishodi učenja
Explain the chemical properties of this class of compounds and their reactivity. Thioesters and acetyl-CoA.Name biologically important mono- and polycarboxylic acids
Ishodi učenja
Name the biologically significant representatives. • Explain the structure and preparation of organic derivatives of carbonic acid.
Ishodi učenja
Define lipids and explain their classification. Explain the structure and function of simple lipids.
Ishodi učenja
Define and explain the classification and structure of glycolipids. Explain the structure and function of steroids and carotenoids.
Ishodi učenja
Describe the structural levels in the architecture of proteins. Define the primary structure
Ishodi učenja
Define the secondary and tertiary structure of proteins. Explain the structure of myoglobin
Ishodi učenja
Define the quaternary protein structure. Explain the allosteric properties of haemoglobin.
Ishodi učenja
Basic chemistry lab equipment and techniques.
Detection and identification of different cations and anions in a solution.
Detection and identification of cations and anions in salt solutions
Ishodi učenja
Name the main types of quantitative chemical analysis.
Describe and exemplify the volumetric methods. Volumetric analysis.
Employ the alkalimetric, manganometric and complexometric methods.
Ishodi učenja
Prepare the phosphate buffer solutin and measure the pH as well as buffer capacity.
Ishodi učenja
Investigate experimentally the influence of temperature, concentration, pH and catalyst on rate of reaction.
Ishodi učenja
Detect and identify functional groups. Detect and identify amides and purines in solution
Ishodi učenja
Determine the wavelength of maximum absorbance. Determine the influence of a concentration on absorbance. Determine the concentration of CuSO4 in a solution using a spectrophotometer. Polarimetry. Determine the specific rotation angle of sugar. Make a calibration graph using sugar solutions with different concentrations. Determine the mass concentration of sugar in a sample by measuring the angle of rotation.
Ishodi učenja
Determine the isoelectric point of a given protein solution. Perform a TLC for a given amino acids mixture. Quantitatively determine the concentration of serum proteins using the Biuret method.
Ishodi učenja
Explain the structure of atoms, the periodic system and properties of elements that change periodically. List the biogenic elements and define their biological role. Explain the structure and define the properties of compounds.
Ishodi učenja
Define acids and bases according to Arrhenius, Brønsted and Lewis.
Define salts.
Using charge balance, write the correct formula for an ionic compound.
Ishodi učenja
Write equation of neutralisation. Balancing a chemical equation. Explain the hydrolysis of salts.
Ishodi učenja
Define buffers and explain the mechanism of buffer action. Define the concept of mole and the concentration of solutions (fractions, molar and mass concentration, molality). Define intensive and extensive properties.
Solution concentrations and reactions.
Ishodi učenja
Define saline solution (physiological solution). Dilution of solutions. Solve the exercises with concentrations.
Ishodi učenja
Define colligative properties. Solve exercises relating colligative properties.
Ishodi učenja
Define and write down the dissociation constants of acids and bases. Explain the ionisation of water and define the ionic product of water. Define pH. Define the pH of body fluids.
Ishodi učenja
Solve exercises using pH, the ionic product of water and dissociation constants.
Ishodi učenja
Classify and name hydrocarbons. Write down the characteristic reactions of hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds
Ishodi učenja
Explain the chemical properties and reactivity of these groups of compounds. List biologically important representatives
Ishodi učenja
Explain the chemical properties and reactivity of this group of compounds. List biologically important representatives.
Ishodi učenja
List biologically important representatives. Explain the formation of cyclic form. Explain the reactivity of monosaccharides and specify their stereoisomers
Ishodi učenja
Name and define substituted carboxylic acids (halogen-, oxo-, hydroxy-, amino acids). Explain their chemical properties.
Ishodi učenja
Explain the physical properties of lipids. Define fatty acids and name important biological representatives. Explain the chemical properties of fatty acids
Ishodi učenja
Define chemical properties and general reactions. Classify amino acids. Distinguish essential and nonessential amino acids and glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids. Define and calculate the isoelectric point of amino acids
Ishodi učenja
Explain the principles of synthesis and determination of sequence. Name the most important natural peptides and explain their role. Recognize levels of proteins. Explain the function of myoglobin and haemoglobin.
Ishodi učenja
Describe the influence of temperature, concentration, pH and catalyst on the rate of oxidation of oxalic acid with potassium permanganate.
Solve numerical exercises.
Ishodi učenja
Describe the mechanism of buffer action in body fluids.
Calculate the pH value of buffer solutions.
Ishodi učenja
Define the oxidant and reductant in redox reactions. Balance the redox reactions.
Ishodi učenja
Describe the bonding in benzene .Name simple aromatic compound from its structure, or write the structure, given the name. Draw their line-angle structural formulas. .Explain Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions
Ishodi učenja
Provide the basic facts about the quantity, distribution and the role of water in the body. Explain the structure and properties of water. Explain the dissolution of gasses and solid compounds in water.
Ishodi učenja
Distinguish electrolytes and nonelectrolytes. Explain the properties of solutions of acids, bases, ampholytes and salts
Ishodi učenja
Define the principle of colligative properties. Explain vapour-pressure lowering, freezing point depression and boiling point elevation.
Ishodi učenja
Explain osmosis and dialysis. Define osmotic pressure. Explain colloids. Name and describe the types and properties of colloids. Explain the difference between the sol and gel state of colloids. Explain the principle of Donnan equilibrium. Describe electrophoresis
Ishodi učenja
Describe the role of chelation in biological systems. Explain the effect of chelators and their use in medicine. Explain the principles of the complexometric method. Relate the structure and properties of apatite minerals (hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite).
Ishodi učenja
Define the basic principles of chemical kinetics. Define the rate of reaction and reaction order
Ishodi učenja
Explain how various factors affect the rate of reaction. Describe the mechanism of action of catalysts. Explain the difference between chemical and biochemical catalysts.
Ishodi učenja
Describe the law of mass action and the equilibrium constant. Define Le Chatelier's principle. Explain the impact of external factors on equilibrium
Ishodi učenja
Define the equilibrium of homogeneous and heterogeneous systems and electrolyte solutions. Define Ostwald’s dilution law. Define the solubility product. Describe calcified tissues and the formation of concrements. Distinguish dynamic equilibrium and consistent flow and its importance in biological systems
Ishodi učenja
Write the equilibrium constant of the chemical reaction. Write and explain hydrolysis constant. Explain the mechanism of buffer action. Write and explain Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
Ishodi učenja
Define the basic concepts of thermodynamics and basic thermodynamic quantities. Apply the first law of thermodynamics to biochemical systems.
Ishodi učenja
Explain the effect of ΔG, ΔH, ΔS values on the spontaneity of reaction. Relate Gibbs’ energy with the equilibrium constant
Ishodi učenja
Explain the structure of the galvanic cell. Explain the meaning of standard reduction potential
Ishodi učenja
Write down and explain the Nernst equation. Name biologically important oxidation-reduction systems. Define the standard redox potential of biological systems. Explain Gibbs’ energy of redox-systems.
Ishodi učenja
Classify organic compounds according to functional groups and explain their chemical properties. Define the types of reactions of organic compounds. Explain the concept of nucleophile and electrophile
Ishodi učenja
Define isomerism. Explain the types of isomerism (structural, positional, stereoisomerism, geometrical isomerism and conformational isomerism)
Ishodi učenja
Explain the chemical properties of these classes of compounds and their reactivity. Explain the reactions of oxygen compounds.
Ishodi učenja
Explain the significance of this group of compounds, their chemical properties and their reactivity.
Ishodi učenja
Name and explain the structure of biologically most important monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.
Ishodi učenja
Explain the chemical properties of this class of compounds and their reactivity. Thioesters and acetyl-CoA.Name biologically important mono- and polycarboxylic acids
Ishodi učenja
Name the biologically significant representatives. • Explain the structure and preparation of organic derivatives of carbonic acid.
Ishodi učenja
Define lipids and explain their classification. Explain the structure and function of simple lipids.
Ishodi učenja
Define and explain the classification and structure of glycolipids. Explain the structure and function of steroids and carotenoids.
Ishodi učenja
Describe the structural levels in the architecture of proteins. Define the primary structure
Ishodi učenja
Define the secondary and tertiary structure of proteins. Explain the structure of myoglobin
Ishodi učenja
Define the quaternary protein structure. Explain the allosteric properties of haemoglobin.
Ishodi učenja
Basic chemistry lab equipment and techniques.
Detection and identification of different cations and anions in a solution.
Detection and identification of cations and anions in salt solutions
Ishodi učenja
Name the main types of quantitative chemical analysis.
Describe and exemplify the volumetric methods. Volumetric analysis.
Employ the alkalimetric, manganometric and complexometric methods.
Ishodi učenja
Describe the influence of temperature, concentration, pH and catalyst on the rate of oxidation of oxalic acid with potassium permanganate.
Solve numerical exercises.
Ishodi učenja
Prepare the phosphate buffer solutin and measure the pH as well as buffer capacity.
Ishodi učenja
Describe the mechanism of buffer action in body fluids.
Calculate the pH value of buffer solutions.
Ishodi učenja
Define the oxidant and reductant in redox reactions. Balance the redox reactions.
Ishodi učenja
Investigate experimentally the influence of temperature, concentration, pH and catalyst on rate of reaction.
Ishodi učenja
Describe the bonding in benzene .Name simple aromatic compound from its structure, or write the structure, given the name. Draw their line-angle structural formulas. .Explain Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions
Ishodi učenja
Detect and identify functional groups. Detect and identify amides and purines in solution
Ishodi učenja
Determine the wavelength of maximum absorbance. Determine the influence of a concentration on absorbance. Determine the concentration of CuSO4 in a solution using a spectrophotometer. Polarimetry. Determine the specific rotation angle of sugar. Make a calibration graph using sugar solutions with different concentrations. Determine the mass concentration of sugar in a sample by measuring the angle of rotation.
Ishodi učenja
Determine the isoelectric point of a given protein solution. Perform a TLC for a given amino acids mixture. Quantitatively determine the concentration of serum proteins using the Biuret method.
Ishodi učenja
Explain the structure of atoms, the periodic system and properties of elements that change periodically. List the biogenic elements and define their biological role. Explain the structure and define the properties of compounds.
Ishodi učenja
Define acids and bases according to Arrhenius, Brønsted and Lewis.
Define salts.
Using charge balance, write the correct formula for an ionic compound.
Ishodi učenja
Write equation of neutralisation. Balancing a chemical equation. Explain the hydrolysis of salts.
Ishodi učenja
Define buffers and explain the mechanism of buffer action. Define the concept of mole and the concentration of solutions (fractions, molar and mass concentration, molality). Define intensive and extensive properties.
Solution concentrations and reactions.
Ishodi učenja
Define saline solution (physiological solution). Dilution of solutions. Solve the exercises with concentrations.
Ishodi učenja
Define colligative properties. Solve exercises relating colligative properties.
Ishodi učenja
Define and write down the dissociation constants of acids and bases. Explain the ionisation of water and define the ionic product of water. Define pH. Define the pH of body fluids.
Ishodi učenja
Solve exercises using pH, the ionic product of water and dissociation constants.
Ishodi učenja
Classify and name hydrocarbons. Write down the characteristic reactions of hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds
Ishodi učenja
Explain the chemical properties and reactivity of these groups of compounds. List biologically important representatives
Ishodi učenja
Explain the chemical properties and reactivity of this group of compounds. List biologically important representatives.
Ishodi učenja
List biologically important representatives. Explain the formation of cyclic form. Explain the reactivity of monosaccharides and specify their stereoisomers
Ishodi učenja
Name and define substituted carboxylic acids (halogen-, oxo-, hydroxy-, amino acids). Explain their chemical properties.
Ishodi učenja
Explain the physical properties of lipids. Define fatty acids and name important biological representatives. Explain the chemical properties of fatty acids
Ishodi učenja
Define chemical properties and general reactions. Classify amino acids. Distinguish essential and nonessential amino acids and glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids. Define and calculate the isoelectric point of amino acids
Ishodi učenja
Explain the principles of synthesis and determination of sequence. Name the most important natural peptides and explain their role. Recognize levels of proteins. Explain the function of myoglobin and haemoglobin.