Kolegij
Studiji
Medical Studies in EnglishStudijska godina
3ISVU ID
292676ECTS
1.5
Cilj kolegija je usvajanje osnovnih znanja o glavnom sustavu tkivne podudarnosti u čovjeka odnosno sustavu HLA (Human Leucocyte Antygen) koji predstavlja najpolimorfniji genski sustav u čovjeka. Sadržaj kolegija: Upoznati sustav HLA i njegovu ulogu u presadbi organa i koštane srži, u genetici, u određivanju spornog očinstva, u sudskoj medicini, u ispitivanju nasljeđivanja, u ispitivanju sklonosti prema različitim bolestima, u transfuzijskom liječenju. Izvođenje nastave: Nastava se izvodi u obliku predavanja, seminara i vježbi. Predviđeno vrijeme trajanja nastave je ukupno 1 - 3 tjedna ovisno o slobodnim terminima studenata. Tijekom seminara i vježbi nastavnik sa studentima raspravlja o temama vezanim uz kolegij i izvodi različite vježbe kako bi im približio složenost i polimorfizam sustava HLA. Na kraju nastave održat će se obavezni pismeni (prema potrebi usmeni) završni ispit. Izvršavanjem svih nastavnih aktivnosti te pristupanjem obveznom kolokviju i završnom ispitu student stječe 1,5 ECTS bodova |
NK Mehra (ed.). The HLA Complex in Biology and Medicine: A Resource Book. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher Ltd, 2010
Janeway C.A., Travers P., Walport M., Shlomchik M.J. Immunobiology 5, The Immune system in health and disease. New York: Garland Publishing, 2001.
Choo SY. The HLA System: Genetics, Immunology, Clinical Testing, and Clinical Implications. Yonsei Med J. 2007 Feb 28;48(1):11-23.
Batool Mutar Mahdi BM. A Glow of HLA Typing in Organ Transplantation. Clin Transl Med. 2013 Feb 23;2(1):6.
Mosaad YM. Clinical Role of Human Leukocyte Antigen in Health and Disease. Scand J Immunol. 2015 Oct;82(4):283-306.
Brown CJ, Navarrete CV. Clinical Relevance of the HLA System in Blood Transfusion. Vox Sang. 2011 Aug;101(2):93-105.
Časopisi: HLA, Human Immunology, Clinical Kidney Journal
Studenti su obvezni redovito pohađati i aktivno sudjelovati u svim oblicima nastave.
Ocjenjivanje studenata provodi se prema važećem Pravilniku o studijima Sveučilišta u Rijeci (odobrenog od Senata Sveučilišta u Rijeci), te prema Pravilniku o ocjenjivanju studenata na Medicinskom fakultetu u Rijeci (usvojenom na Fakultetskom vijeću Medicinskog fakulteta u Rijeci).
Rad studenata vrednovat će se i ocjenjivati tijekom izvođenja nastave, te na završnom ispitu. Od ukupno 100 bodova, tijekom nastave student može ostvariti 70 bodova, a na završnom ispitu 30 bodova.
Ocjenjivanje studenata vrši se primjenom ECTS (A-E) i brojčanog sustava (1-5). Ocjenjivanje u ECTS sustavu izvodi se apsolutnom raspodjelom, te prema diplomskim kriterijima ocjenjivanja.
Od maksimalnih 70 ocjenskih bodova koje je moguće ostvariti tijekom nastave, student mora sakupiti minimum od 40 ocjenskih bodova da bi pristupio završnom ispitu. Studenti koji sakupe manje od 40 ocjenskih bodova imat će priliku za jedan popravni međuispit te, ako na tom međuispitu ispitu zadovolje, moći će pristupiti završnom ispitu. Studenti koji sakupe između 40 i 49,9 ocjenskih bodova (FX ocjenska kategorija) imaju pravo izaći na završni ispit, koji se tada smatra popravnim ispitom i ne boduje se, i u tom slučaju završna ocjena može biti jedino dovoljan 2E (50%). Studenti koji sakupe 39,9 i manje ocjenskih bodova (F ocjenska kategorija) moraju ponovno upisati kolegij.
Ocjenske bodove student stječe aktivnim sudjelovanjem u nastavi, izvršavanjem postavljenih zadataka i izlascima na međuispite na sljedeći način
Ocjenske bodove student stječe na sljedeći način:
I. Tijekom nastave vrednuje se (maksimalno do 70 bodova):
a) obvezni pismeni test
Pohađanje nastave se posebno ne boduje. Student može izostati s 30% nastave zbog zdravstvenih razloga što opravdava liječničkom ispričnicom.
Ukoliko student neopravdano izostane s više od 30% nastave ne može nastaviti praćenje kolegija te gubi mogućnost izlaska na završni ispit. Time je prikupio 0 ECTS bodova i ocijenjen je ocjenom F.
a) Obvezni test (do 70 bodova)
Pismeni test sastoji se od 35 pitanja, te nosi 70 ocjenskih bodova (kriterij za dobivanje ocjenskih bodova je 50% točno riješenih pitanja).
ocjena ocjenski bodovi točni odgovori
Nedovoljan 0 0-17
Dovoljan (E) 25-29 18-19
Dovoljan (D) 30-40 21-24
Dobar(C) 41-49 25-27
Vrlo dobar(B) 50-61 28-31
Izvrstan(A) 62-70 32-35
Završni ispit (ukupno 30 ocjenskih bodova)
Studenti koji su na obaveznom testu ostvarili više od 30 ocjenskih bodova obavezno pristupaju završnom ispitu na kojem mogu ostvariti maksimalno 30 bodova.
Studenti koji su na obaveznom testu ostvarili manje od 25 ocjenskih bodova (pripadaju kategoriji FX) mogu izaći na završni ispit, s time da moraju nadoknaditi od 0-10% ocjene i prema Pravilniku mogu dobiti samo ocjenu 2E.
Tko ne može pristupiti završnom ispitu:
Studenti koji nisu pristupili obaveznom pismenom testu, nemaju pravo izlaska na završni ispit (upisuju kolegij druge godine).
Završni ispit je usmeni ispit. Nosi 30 ocjenskih bodova (raspon od 15-30).
Uspjeh na završnom ispitu pretvara se u ocjenske bodove na sljedeći način:
ocjena ocjenski bodovi
Nedovoljan 0
Dovoljan 15
Dobar 20
Vrlo dobar 25
Izvrstan 30
Za prolaz na završnom ispitu i konačno ocjenjivanje (uključujući pribrajanje prethodno ostvarenih ocjenskih bodova tijekom nastave), student na završnom ispitu mora biti pozitivno ocijenjen i ostvariti minimum od 15 ocjenskih bodova (50%).
Ocjenjivanje u ECTS sustavu vrši se apsolutnom raspodjelom, odnosno na temelju konačnog postignuća:
A – 90 - 100% bodova
B – 80 - 89,9%
C – 70 - 79,9%
D – 60 - 69,9%
E – 50 - 59,9%
Ocjene u ECTS sustavu prevode se u brojčani sustav na sljedeći način:
A = izvrstan (5)
B = vrlo dobar (4)
C = dobar (3)
D i E = dovoljan (2)
F i FX = nedovoljan (1)
Nastavni sadržaj i sve obavijesti vezane uz kolegij kao i ispitni termini nalaze se na mrežnim stranicama Medicinskog fakulteta u Rijeci, Katedre za kliničko-laboratorijsku dijagnostiku.
Ishodi učenja
Get to know the purpose of the course The role of HLA genes in organ transplantation and diagnosis of autoimmune diseases, get to know and acquire knowledge about the historical facts.
Ishodi učenja
To adopt the basics of immunogenetics and the clinical relevance of the HLA system in organ transplantation, assays that are used in the H&I laboratory.
Ishodi učenja
Get to know the importance of HLA in diagnosis of various diseases, especially autoimmune diseases.
Ishodi učenja
Principles of cell isolation, practical performance of the test using density gradient, determination of the number and viability of lymphocytes, adjustment of lymphocyte suspension for testing, freezing and storage of cell suspension.
Ishodi učenja
Practical performance of HLA class I antigen typing, interpretation of results.
Ishodi učenja
Manual isolation of DNA from peripheral blood samples with a commercial kit. Determination of DNA concentration and purity by spectrophotometer.
Ishodi učenja
Electrophoresis of DNA samples amplified by PCR-SSP reaction in agarose gel - principle, practical execution of the test. Interpretation of HLA class I and class II typing results.
Ishodi učenja
By the end of this seminar, student will be able to:
- Describe the structure, function, and genetic diversity of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system.
- Explain the role of HLA in immune recognition, transplantation, and disease susceptibility.
- Analyze clinical scenarios where HLA typing and antibody testing inform diagnosis, treatment, and patient management.
- Apply knowledge of HLA in interpreting laboratory results and making evidence-based clinical decisions.
Ishodi učenja
By the end of this seminar, student will be able to:
- Explain the association between specific HLA alleles and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.
- Describe the immunological mechanisms by which HLA molecules contribute to autoimmunity.
- Analyze clinical cases where HLA typing informs diagnosis, risk assessment, or therapeutic decisions in autoimmune conditions.
- Evaluate current research on HLA-disease associations and their implications for personalized medicine.
Ishodi učenja
By the end of this seminar, student will be able to:
- Describe the role of the HLA system in immune recognition relevant to blood transfusion.
- Explain how HLA incompatibility can contribute to transfusion-related complications, including platelet refractoriness and alloimmunization.
- Analyze clinical scenarios where HLA typing improves transfusion safety and efficacy.
- Evaluate strategies to prevent and manage HLA-mediated transfusion reactions.
- Apply HLA knowledge to interpret laboratory results and optimize transfusion therapy for patients.
Ishodi učenja
By the end of this seminar, student will be able to:
- Describe the role of HLA compatibility in organ and tissue transplantation.
- Explain how HLA mismatches and donor-specific antibodies affect graft survival and rejection risk.
- Analyze clinical cases to understand the impact of HLA typing on donor selection and post-transplant management.
- Evaluate laboratory strategies for HLA antibody detection and their application in transplant immunology.
- Apply HLA knowledge to optimize patient outcomes and minimize immunological complications after transplantation.
Ishodi učenja
By the end of this seminar, student will be able to:
- Describe the role of the HLA system in kidney transplantation and graft survival.
- Explain how HLA compatibility and donor-specific antibodies influence rejection risk and patient outcomes.
- Analyze clinical scenarios to interpret HLA typing results for donor selection and post-transplant management.
- Evaluate laboratory methods for HLA antibody detection and their application in kidney transplant immunology.
- Apply knowledge of HLA in kidney transplantation to optimize patient care and minimize immunological complications.
Ishodi učenja
By the end of this seminar, student will be able to:
- Describe the role of HLA compatibility in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and its impact on graft-versus-host disease and transplant outcomes.
- Explain the processes of HLA matching for both related and unrelated donor registries, including international stem cell donor banks.
- Analyze clinical cases to understand how HLA typing guides donor selection, transplantation strategy, and post-transplant monitoring.
- Evaluate laboratory techniques for HLA typing and antibody detection specific to HSCT.
- Apply knowledge of HLA and donor registries to optimize patient outcomes and reduce immunological complications in HSCT.
Ishodi učenja
By the end of this seminar, participants will be able to:
- Describe the role of HLA compatibility in liver transplantation and its impact on graft survival and rejection risk.
- Analyze clinical scenarios to interpret HLA typing results for donor selection and post-transplant management.
- Evaluate laboratory methods for HLA and antibody detection specific to liver transplantation.
- Apply knowledge of HLA in liver transplant immunology to optimize patient care and minimize immunological complications.
Ishodi učenja
By the end of this seminar, participants will be able to:
- Describe the role of HLA compatibility in heart and lung transplantation and its impact on graft survival and rejection.
- Explain how donor-specific HLA antibodies contribute to antibody-mediated rejection and long-term outcomes in cardiothoracic transplant recipients.
- Analyze clinical scenarios to interpret HLA typing and antibody testing results for optimal donor selection and post-transplant management.
- Evaluate laboratory methods for HLA and antibody detection specific to heart and lung transplantation.
- Apply knowledge of HLA immunology to improve patient care and minimize immunological complications in cardiothoracic transplantation.
Ishodi učenja
By the end of this seminar, student will be able to:
- Describe the immunogenetic principles relevant to xenotransplantation and species-specific HLA-like antigens.
- Explain the role of preformed and induced antibodies in xenograft rejection.
- Analyze strategies for immunogenetic matching and genetic modification to reduce immune-mediated rejection in xenotransplantation.
- Evaluate laboratory techniques for detecting antibodies and immune responses in xenotransplant models.
- Apply knowledge of immunogenetics to anticipate and manage immunological challenges in clinical and experimental xenotransplantation.
Ishodi učenja
By the end of this seminar, participants will be able to:
- Describe the genetic basis of celiac disease, with emphasis on HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 alleles.
- Explain how HLA genotype contributes to susceptibility and pathogenesis of celiac disease.
- Analyze the role of HLA testing in the diagnosis, risk assessment, and family screening for celiac disease.
- Evaluate current research on HLA associations and their implications for personalized management of celiac patients.
- Apply HLA genetic knowledge to interpret laboratory results and inform clinical decision-making in celiac disease.
Ishodi učenja
By the end of this seminar, participants will be able to:
- Describe the role of HLA genes, particularly HLA-DR alleles, in susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
- Explain the immunogenetic mechanisms by which HLA contributes to disease pathogenesis and severity.
- Analyze the use of HLA typing in risk assessment, diagnosis, and prognosis of RA patients.
- Evaluate current research on HLA associations with RA and their implications for personalized therapy.
- Apply HLA genetic knowledge to interpret laboratory findings and support clinical decision-making in rheumatoid arthritis.
Ishodi učenja
By the end of this seminar, participants will be able to:
- Describe the role of HLA genes, particularly HLA class II alleles, in susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
- Explain the immunogenetic mechanisms by which HLA contributes to autoimmune beta-cell destruction.
- Analyze the use of HLA typing in assessing risk, early diagnosis, and prediction of type 1 diabetes in at-risk individuals.
- Evaluate current research on HLA associations with T1DM and their implications for prevention and personalized medicine.
- Apply HLA genetic knowledge to interpret laboratory and genetic testing results in the clinical management of T1DM.
Ishodi učenja
By the end of this seminar, participants will be able to:
- Describe the role of HLA genes, particularly HLA-B27, in susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis (AS).
- Explain the immunogenetic mechanisms linking HLA-B27 to disease pathogenesis.
- Analyze the use of HLA typing in diagnosis, risk assessment, and family screening for ankylosing spondylitis.
- Evaluate current research on HLA associations with AS and their implications for personalized patient management.
- Apply HLA genetic knowledge to interpret laboratory results and support clinical decision-making in ankylosing spondylitis.
Ishodi učenja
By the end of this seminar, student will be able to:
- Describe the role of HLA genes, particularly HLA-DR and HLA-DQ alleles, in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS).
- Explain the immunogenetic mechanisms by which HLA contributes to autoimmune demyelination in MS.
- Analyze the use of HLA typing in risk assessment, prognosis, and understanding disease heterogeneity in MS patients.
- Evaluate current research on HLA associations with MS and their implications for personalized medicine and therapeutic strategies.
- Apply HLA genetic knowledge to interpret laboratory and genetic data in the clinical management of multiple sclerosis.
Ishodi učenja
By the end of this seminar, participants will be able to:
- Describe the role of HLA genes in susceptibility, progression, and immune response to HIV infection.
- Explain how specific HLA alleles influence viral control, disease progression, and treatment outcomes.
- Analyze clinical and research data to understand the impact of HLA variability on HIV pathogenesis.
- Evaluate laboratory methods for HLA typing relevant to HIV studies and patient management.
- Apply knowledge of HLA in interpreting patient immunogenetic profiles and informing personalized treatment strategies in HIV infection.
| Akademska godina | |
|---|---|
| 2025/2026 | Download |