Learning outcomes: To mark off and to describe the main parts of the central nervous system. To explain the linkage between development of the central nervous system and integral parts of the central nervous system. To explain the neural axis (neuroaxis) and to define the terms ventral/dorsal and the rostral/caudal in the central nervous system (Forel and Meynert axis). To explaine the morphology of the neuron and its functional characteristic. To describe neuroglial cells and their functions. To describe the main morphological characteristic of the grey and white matter. To explaine the main distribution of the grey matter in CNS, point out the difference between superfitial grey matter (cortex) and deep nuclei. To explaine the fibre content in white matter and their functional characteristics.

Learning outcomes: To describe the main parts of the telencephalon. To describe the external features of the hemispheres (the lobes, gyruses and sulcuses). To explain the distribution of telencephalic grey and white matter and histological structure (layers) of the cerebral cortex. To explain the morphological and functional division of the cortex. To describe white matter of the telencephalon in sense of association, commissural and projection fibres. To describe the topographical anatomy of the basal ganglia. To describe the telencephalon medium as developmental part of telencephalon. To explain organization of white matter of the telencephalon (commissural, association and projection fibres).To describe the topographical anatomy of the basal ganglia. To describe the telencephalon medium as developmental part of telencephalon. To explain organization of white matter of the telencephalon (commissural, association and projection fibres).

Learning outcomes: To describe the external features, position and relations of distinctive parts of the diencephalon. To explain inner organization of the thalamic nuclei. To position thalamus and explain its relationship with hypothalamus. To describe position and relations of the hypothalamus and to discuss its function and afferent/efferent connections.

Learning outcomes: To describe constituent parts of the epithalamus and its position, structure and function. To describe the organization of grey and white matter of the subthalamus (fields of Forel, subthalamic nucleus). Metathalamic nuclei and its functions. To explain the function of the hypothalamus, its nuclei and connections. To describe position of the pituitary gland and its division to adenohipophysis and neurohypophysis. To explain the control of hypophysis hormone stimulation and to understand the main principles of the neuroendocrinology. To link hypothalamus to the pituitary gland by means of neurosecretion and the portal system. To explain division of the hypothalamus into three horizontal and three vertical zones. To distinguish magnocellular from the parvocellular system of the hypothalamic neurons. To describe the function of hypothalamus with respect of its connection to anterior and posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. To describe the position and relations of the pituitary gland as well as its division to adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis, control of the hormons secretion, and basic principles of the neuroendocrinology. To analyze portal circulation of the adenohypophysis and systemic circulation of the neurohypophysis.

Learning outcomes: An overview of the division and external features of the brainstem. Students will learn to appoint and to describe the major parts of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain, and to explain their mutual relationship. To describe the internal structure of constituent parts of the brainstem. To analyze and discuss the arrangement of grey and white matter of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain. To know the structures of the midbrain cerebral aqueduct, cerebral crura, substantia nigra, nucleus ruber and corpora quadrigemina. To specify the origin of the cranial nerves and describe the external features of the midbrain. To recognize structures on horizontal and sagittal sections through the midbrain.

To identify and distinguish main tracts and nuclei of the brainstem and to analyze the differences of cross sections in the level of the caudal, mid and rostral medulla as well as pons and midbrain. To explain the functional organization of gray and white matter of the brain stem. To appoint and explain function of the reticular formation. To explain the longitudinal zones on the mediosagittal section of the brainstem (basis, tegmentum, tectum). Based on this, to analyze the position of cranial nerve nuclei and other specific nuclei of the brainstem. To analyze the position of the main ascending and descending tracts and reticular formation. To describe division of the cerebellum on three functional and phylogenetic parts. To describe the functional organization of the cerebellar cortex (cells of molecular layer, Purkinje cells layer, and granular cells layer) and afferent fibres (mossy and climbing fibres). To identify deep masses of grey matter (nucleus dentatus, nucleus emboliformis, nucleus globosus and nucleus fastigii). To explain the tracts of the cerebellum: the major afferent and efferent connections and the position of the tracts inside the cerebelar peduncles. 

To explain the basic organization of the motor system. To explain the hierarchy of the motor system – from the skeletal muscle to the cerebral cortex. To explain the concept of the motor unit. To explain the role of the cerebral cortex in the control of voluntary movements. To define primary motor and premotor cortex. To describe pyramidal pathways (corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts). To explain the somatotopic representation of the motor cortex. To understand the role of the basal ganglia in movement control. To list and describe the neuronal circuits of the basal ganglia. To understand the role of the cerebellum in movement control and motor learning. To explain major motor pathways and to distinguish between pyramidal and extrapyramid tracts. To explain the motor cerebral cortex's areal, laminar, and modular organization. To explain the connection between motor nuclei and motor cortex. To explain the execution of motoric information. 

To explain efferent nerve endings and the concept of the motor unit, neuromuscular junctions, and motor end-plates. To describe the pathways of the extrapyramidal system. To describe circuits and descending tracts of the extrapyramidal nervous system. To describe cerebellar pathways involved in motoric functions.To describe types of motoneurons (upper and lower motoneurons) in the cerebral cortex and spinal cord. 

To describe the somatosensory cortex, spinal afferent system, and trigeminal afferent system. To describe conduction and processing of the pain.

To describe the pathway of the optic tract, visual reflexes, and management of the ocular motor function.

To explain the organization and structure of the auditory system. To describe structures of the inner ear, functional anatomy of the cochlea, as well as auditory pathways. To describe regio olfactoria and pathway of the olfactory tract. To describe peripheral and central sections of the gustatory system.

To explain the organization and structure of the vestibular system. To describe structures of the inner ear, functional anatomy of the vestibule and semicircular canals as well as vestibular pathways.

To explain the basic organization of the autonomic nervous system. To appoint the centers of the autonomic nervous system. To explain sympathetic afferent and efferent nerve fibers, sympathetic chain, and ganglia.To explain parasympathetic efferent (craniosacral origin) and afferent nerve fibers. To compare the organization of the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system. To appoint the plexuses of the autonomic nervous system. To define parasympathetic ganglia. 

To explain the supervising function of the autonomic nervous system in control of the vital functions. To explain autonomic innervation of organs: lacrimal gland, heart, lung, stomach, intestine to the splenic flexure, colon (descending, sigmoid, and rectum), the adrenal gland core, internal rectal sphincter, urinary bladder, autonomic control of the erection (penis and clitoris) and ejaculation.

To describe parts and functions of the limbic system. To explain the hippocampal formation and its connections within the limbic system.  To describe the gyri of the limbic lobe (inner and outer ring). To describe structures of the hippocampus and gyrus dentatus. To define areas of the limbic and paralimbic cortex. To describe connections of the limbic system. To explain the Papez circuit. To describe corpus amygdaloideum and its connections.

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