Course
Study programs
Medical Studies in EnglishYear of study
3ISVU ID
292676ECTS
1.5
Incentive ECTS:
0 (0.00 %)
Learning outcomes
Objectives:
- To understand the basic role of the immune system
- To define MHC and HLA systems
- To explain the main functions of HLA molecules
- To describe the basic principles of HLA inheritance (genotypes, haplotypes, co-dominant expression)
- To get familiar with HLA nomenclature (antigen vs. allele designation)
Learning outcomes
Objectives:
- to distinguish between HLA Class I, II, and III
- to explain genetic organization
- to understand molecular (antigenic) structure
Learning outcomes
Objectives:
- to understand the role of HLA system in disease susceptibility
- to explain the mechanisms linking HLA molecules to autoimmune and other diseases
- to describe common HLA-associated diseases (e.g., autoimmune, infectious, pharmacogenetic associations)
- to understand the role of HLA typing in disease diagnostics and risk assessment
- to interpret basic clinical relevance of HLA-disease associations
- to recognize the importance of HLA in personalized medicine
Learning outcomes
Objectives:
- to understand the differences between serological and molecular HLA typing methods
- to explain the basic principles of laboratory testing used in HLA typing
- to describe the workflow of key serological methods (e.g., complement-dependent cytotoxicity, CDC)
- to describe the principles of major molecular techniques (PCR-SSP, PCR-SSO, qPCR, SBT)
- to compare the advantages and limitations of serological versus molecular approaches
- to interpret basic results of HLA typing assays (e.g., positive/negative reactions, allele identification)
- to recognize the clinical relevance of different typing methods in transplantation and diagnostics
Learning outcomes
Objectives:
- to understand the importance of HLA matching in organ transplantation
- to explain the immunological mechanisms of graft rejection (cellular and humoral)
- to describe the concept of HLA mismatches and their impact on graft survival
- to analyze the relationship between the number of mismatches and transplant outcomes
- to explain the role of HLA antibodies in transplant rejection
- to describe the components of pre-transplant evaluation (HLA typing, antibody screening, crossmatch)
- to recognize strategies used to improve transplant success (e.g., matching, desensitization, allocation systems)
- to understand the role of international organizations (e.g., Eurotransplant) in organ allocation
Learning outcomes
Principles of cell isolation, practical performance of the test using density gradient, determination of the number and viability of lymphocytes, adjustment of lymphocyte suspension for testing, freezing and storage of cell suspension.
Learning outcomes
Practical performance of HLA class I antigen typing, interpretation of results.
Learning outcomes
Manual isolation of DNA from peripheral blood samples with a commercial kit. Determination of DNA concentration and purity by spectrophotometer.
Learning outcomes
Electrophoresis of DNA samples amplified by PCR-SSP reaction in agarose gel - principle, practical execution of the test. Interpretation of HLA class I and class II typing results.
Learning outcomes
By the end of this seminar, student will be able to:
- Describe the structure, function, and genetic diversity of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system.
- Explain the role of HLA in immune recognition, transplantation, and disease susceptibility.
- Analyze clinical scenarios where HLA typing and antibody testing inform diagnosis, treatment, and patient management.
- Apply knowledge of HLA in interpreting laboratory results and making evidence-based clinical decisions.
Learning outcomes
By the end of this seminar, student will be able to:
- Explain the association between specific HLA alleles and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.
- Describe the immunological mechanisms by which HLA molecules contribute to autoimmunity.
- Analyze clinical cases where HLA typing informs diagnosis, risk assessment, or therapeutic decisions in autoimmune conditions.
- Evaluate current research on HLA-disease associations and their implications for personalized medicine.
Learning outcomes
By the end of this seminar, student will be able to:
- Describe the role of the HLA system in immune recognition relevant to blood transfusion.
- Explain how HLA incompatibility can contribute to transfusion-related complications, including platelet refractoriness and alloimmunization.
- Analyze clinical scenarios where HLA typing improves transfusion safety and efficacy.
- Evaluate strategies to prevent and manage HLA-mediated transfusion reactions.
- Apply HLA knowledge to interpret laboratory results and optimize transfusion therapy for patients.
Learning outcomes
By the end of this seminar, student will be able to:
- Describe the role of HLA compatibility in organ and tissue transplantation.
- Explain how HLA mismatches and donor-specific antibodies affect graft survival and rejection risk.
- Analyze clinical cases to understand the impact of HLA typing on donor selection and post-transplant management.
- Evaluate laboratory strategies for HLA antibody detection and their application in transplant immunology.
- Apply HLA knowledge to optimize patient outcomes and minimize immunological complications after transplantation.
Learning outcomes
By the end of this seminar, student will be able to:
- Describe the role of the HLA system in kidney transplantation and graft survival.
- Explain how HLA compatibility and donor-specific antibodies influence rejection risk and patient outcomes.
- Analyze clinical scenarios to interpret HLA typing results for donor selection and post-transplant management.
- Evaluate laboratory methods for HLA antibody detection and their application in kidney transplant immunology.
- Apply knowledge of HLA in kidney transplantation to optimize patient care and minimize immunological complications.
Learning outcomes
By the end of this seminar, student will be able to:
- Describe the role of HLA compatibility in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and its impact on graft-versus-host disease and transplant outcomes.
- Explain the processes of HLA matching for both related and unrelated donor registries, including international stem cell donor banks.
- Analyze clinical cases to understand how HLA typing guides donor selection, transplantation strategy, and post-transplant monitoring.
- Evaluate laboratory techniques for HLA typing and antibody detection specific to HSCT.
- Apply knowledge of HLA and donor registries to optimize patient outcomes and reduce immunological complications in HSCT.
Learning outcomes
By the end of this seminar, participants will be able to:
- Describe the role of HLA compatibility in liver transplantation and its impact on graft survival and rejection risk.
- Analyze clinical scenarios to interpret HLA typing results for donor selection and post-transplant management.
- Evaluate laboratory methods for HLA and antibody detection specific to liver transplantation.
- Apply knowledge of HLA in liver transplant immunology to optimize patient care and minimize immunological complications.
Learning outcomes
By the end of this seminar, participants will be able to:
- Describe the role of HLA compatibility in heart and lung transplantation and its impact on graft survival and rejection.
- Explain how donor-specific HLA antibodies contribute to antibody-mediated rejection and long-term outcomes in cardiothoracic transplant recipients.
- Analyze clinical scenarios to interpret HLA typing and antibody testing results for optimal donor selection and post-transplant management.
- Evaluate laboratory methods for HLA and antibody detection specific to heart and lung transplantation.
- Apply knowledge of HLA immunology to improve patient care and minimize immunological complications in cardiothoracic transplantation.
Learning outcomes
By the end of this seminar, student will be able to:
- Describe the immunogenetic principles relevant to xenotransplantation and species-specific HLA-like antigens.
- Explain the role of preformed and induced antibodies in xenograft rejection.
- Analyze strategies for immunogenetic matching and genetic modification to reduce immune-mediated rejection in xenotransplantation.
- Evaluate laboratory techniques for detecting antibodies and immune responses in xenotransplant models.
- Apply knowledge of immunogenetics to anticipate and manage immunological challenges in clinical and experimental xenotransplantation.
Learning outcomes
By the end of this seminar, participants will be able to:
- Describe the genetic basis of celiac disease, with emphasis on HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 alleles.
- Explain how HLA genotype contributes to susceptibility and pathogenesis of celiac disease.
- Analyze the role of HLA testing in the diagnosis, risk assessment, and family screening for celiac disease.
- Evaluate current research on HLA associations and their implications for personalized management of celiac patients.
- Apply HLA genetic knowledge to interpret laboratory results and inform clinical decision-making in celiac disease.
Learning outcomes
By the end of this seminar, participants will be able to:
- Describe the role of HLA genes, particularly HLA-DR alleles, in susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
- Explain the immunogenetic mechanisms by which HLA contributes to disease pathogenesis and severity.
- Analyze the use of HLA typing in risk assessment, diagnosis, and prognosis of RA patients.
- Evaluate current research on HLA associations with RA and their implications for personalized therapy.
- Apply HLA genetic knowledge to interpret laboratory findings and support clinical decision-making in rheumatoid arthritis.
Learning outcomes
By the end of this seminar, participants will be able to:
- Describe the role of HLA genes, particularly HLA class II alleles, in susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
- Explain the immunogenetic mechanisms by which HLA contributes to autoimmune beta-cell destruction.
- Analyze the use of HLA typing in assessing risk, early diagnosis, and prediction of type 1 diabetes in at-risk individuals.
- Evaluate current research on HLA associations with T1DM and their implications for prevention and personalized medicine.
- Apply HLA genetic knowledge to interpret laboratory and genetic testing results in the clinical management of T1DM.
Learning outcomes
By the end of this seminar, participants will be able to:
- Describe the role of HLA genes, particularly HLA-B27, in susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis (AS).
- Explain the immunogenetic mechanisms linking HLA-B27 to disease pathogenesis.
- Analyze the use of HLA typing in diagnosis, risk assessment, and family screening for ankylosing spondylitis.
- Evaluate current research on HLA associations with AS and their implications for personalized patient management.
- Apply HLA genetic knowledge to interpret laboratory results and support clinical decision-making in ankylosing spondylitis.
Learning outcomes
By the end of this seminar, student will be able to:
- Describe the role of HLA genes, particularly HLA-DR and HLA-DQ alleles, in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS).
- Explain the immunogenetic mechanisms by which HLA contributes to autoimmune demyelination in MS.
- Analyze the use of HLA typing in risk assessment, prognosis, and understanding disease heterogeneity in MS patients.
- Evaluate current research on HLA associations with MS and their implications for personalized medicine and therapeutic strategies.
- Apply HLA genetic knowledge to interpret laboratory and genetic data in the clinical management of multiple sclerosis.
Learning outcomes
By the end of this seminar, participants will be able to:
- Describe the role of HLA genes in susceptibility, progression, and immune response to HIV infection.
- Explain how specific HLA alleles influence viral control, disease progression, and treatment outcomes.
- Analyze clinical and research data to understand the impact of HLA variability on HIV pathogenesis.
- Evaluate laboratory methods for HLA typing relevant to HIV studies and patient management.
- Apply knowledge of HLA in interpreting patient immunogenetic profiles and informing personalized treatment strategies in HIV infection.
This type of class is described in the syllabus, please contact the course coordinator for more details
This type of class is described in the syllabus, please contact the course coordinator for more details
| Academic year | |
|---|---|
| 2026/2027 | Preuzimanje |